Resistivity Profiling

Applications:

1. Delineation of bedrock topography.
2. Indication of variation in subsurface conditions, e.g. soil/ gravel/ clay over bedrock.
3. Pollution monitoring, including:

• Leakage from landfills and storage lagoons.
• Leakage from damaged service pipes.
• Mapping of archaeological sites.

Magnetic Profiling

Applications:

• Detection of underground anomalies, e.g. Buried oil drums, rock outcrops, pipes etc.

Seismic Refraction

Applications:

• Indication of variation in subsurface conditions.

• Location of voids, large pipes etc.

• Mapping of bedrock topography.

• Indication of subsurface composition, based on the variation in seismic velocities.

Ground penetrating Radar

Applications:

• Detection of utilities

• Identification of landfill boundaries.

• Detection of buried objects, tanks drums rebars etc.

Ground Vibration Monitoring using seismic detectors.

Applications:

• Monitoring external sources of vibration to anticipate damage to property and or services.